Sewer construction



(No Model.)

G. E. WAR'ING, Jr. SEWER OONSTRUGTION.

Patented Apr. 28, 1891.

fnl en/lar';

Wz'lnesses:

SATE

Us rra GEORGE E. IVARING, JR, OF NElVPORT, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE DRAINAGE CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

SEWER CONSTRUCTION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 451,204, dated April 28, 1891.

- Application filed November 12, 1890. Serial No. 371,166. (No model.)

To 60% whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE E. WAniNe, J12, of the city and county of Newport, in the State of Rhode Island, have made a new and use- 5 ful Improvement in Sewer Construction and the Like, of which the following is a specification.

Vitrified pipe of large diameter is an unsatisfactory material for sewer construction,

l owing not only to the difficulty of making perfect joints therewith, but to their liability to fracture and collapse after the line has been put in use. Brick sewers are costly in construction, rough in interior surface, and,

I as ordinarily laid, are very deficient in tightness.

The purpose of my improvement, among other things, is the construction of a sewer of abundant strength with an invert having a smooth interior surface of sufficient hardness and true form. This I do by building the invert with a solid backing of concrete or other suitable substance and a lining of bton, cement, or other plastic material, molded in 2 5 place between the backing and a movable templet, as hereinafter set forth.

In order to obtain the best condition of beton or other similar substance in the lining of sewers, it is necessary that the cement and sand, or aggregate, should be mixed with the least amount of water that will cause them to solidify properly under considerable pressure; also, that it should be thoroughly compacted by ramming in thin layers successively. In order that the templet may be removed immediately for further use, the plastic material must be packed so hard as to have aself-supporting consistency. The templet provided by my invention is so arranged as to allow such ramming and packing.

The details of the construction of the sewerinvert and movable templet are shown in the drawings.

Figure 1 is an end elevation of a sewer-in vert in process of construction according to my invention. Fig. 2 shows the means for fastening in place the movable laggings which form the sides of the templet, and Fig.

3 shows the means for fastening the plate or trough which forms thebottom of the templet.

In each of the drawings, a is a rib, preferably of T-iron, formed to correspond with the intended shape of the finished invert. Two

or more of these ribs may be used in the construction of each templet. They may 0011- veniently be so placed as to divide the term plet into sections of about five feet.

I) is a rigid cross-bar, preferably of channeliron, one of which is suitably attached to the ends of each rib. It may project beyond these ends a sufficient distance to extend beyond the space to be filled with plastic material and to rest upon the concrete walls which form the backing of the sewer-invert or on other support, thus holding the tcmplet 5 5 in its proper position in the trench. This cross-bar is a convenient, but not an essential, element.

c is a trough of metal, preferably of sheet steel, re-enforced by ribs or channel-irons, as atj, and firmly attached at each end to the ribs a, as shown in Fig. 3.

cl d are longitudinal strips, preferably of T or channel iron, of the length of the templet, firmly attached to the ribs 0.. In conjunction with the trough 0 these strips bind the ribs together and at the same time hold them rigidly at the proper distance from each other.

e e are strips or laggings, preferably of So channel-iron, which form the movable sides of the templet, and they are bolted or otherwise temporarily attached to the ribs a, as. shown in Fig. 2.

fis the backing of the sewer-invert, made of concrete or similar material or composition, formed to the. approximate shape intended for the finished sewer-invert, but of greater width and depth.

9' represents the space between the backing f and the suspended templet, which it is intended to fill with bton or other plastic material, and 72. represents a space in which such filling has already been placed.

The process of construction of the sewer is 5 as follows: The backing f is first formed of concrete or similar material and allowed to harden. lVithin this the frame of the templet (stripped of its laggings) is suspended. The space It is then filled with bton or other plastic material, which is rammed into place until a compact mass is formed underlying the whole of the bottom trough 0. Then one lagging c is bolted in place on each side of and immediately contiguous to the trough c, and the space-behind this lagging is filled and rammed as before. Another lagging is then added, and the alternate operations of adding laggings and compactly filling the space behind each as it is put in place is continned until the wall of the sewer has reached the required height. This method of adding one lagging at a time on each side allows of the most thorough compacting of the material in the space g, the depth of the lagging being so slight as to bring the surface to be rammed always within easy reach of the rammer. The invert of the sewer being completcd, the arch or cover may be applied in any convenient manner.

It is a further advantage of my invention that after a section of the sewer-invert has been completed the removal of the laggings from the templet leaves it so light that it may with case be lifted and carried to a new position.

I am aware that sewers have been constructed of concrete lined with cement; but such lining has consisted merely of a coating plastered on with a trowel, of inferior thickness and not properly compacted. I am aware, also, that molds or templets have been used in the construction of sewers; but these have been made of permanent form, which has not permitted the efficient compactingin thin layers of the material used.

XVhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The method of constructing sewer-inverts, which consists in opening the trench and then applying thereto an inner coating o1": bton or analogous material by filling it in between said backing and a templet.

2. The method of constructing sewer-inverts, which consists in opening the trench and lining it with a backing of solid material of a form approximating that of the sewer, and then arranging within this a templet and filling in concrete or analogous material in successive portions between the backing and the templet.

3. A templet for molding in place a sewerinvert, consisting of a frame and removable sectional sides or laggings and means for removably attaching the laggings to the frame, substantially as shown.

et. A templet for molding in place a sewerinvert, consisting of a frame, including ribs bent to the form of the sewer and horizontal and tranverse bars holding the ribs in place with relation to one another and to the excavation, in combination with removable sides or laggings, substantially as shown.

5. A templet for molding in place a sewerinvert, consisting ot a frame, including ribs bent to the form of the sewer and horizontal and transverse bars holding the ribs in place with relation to one another and to the excavation, and removable sides or laggings, in combination with the floor plate or trough, substantially as shown.

GEO. E. WARIN G, JR. Witnesses:

G. EVERETT HILL, GEO. O. STODDARD. 

